The major objectives of the organization are as follows:
Milestone |
Start date |
End date |
Completion of concept and product testing |
1-August |
17-August |
Completion of prototype |
18-August |
31-August |
First financing |
1-September |
15-September |
Completion of initial plant tests |
16-September |
28-September |
Market testing |
1-October |
5-October |
Production start-up |
7-October |
15-October |
Bellwether sale |
16-October |
25-October |
First competitive action |
30-October |
6-November |
First redesign or redirection |
10-November |
15-November |
First significant price change |
20-November |
30-November |
Milestones help in establishing plans into practical terms with deadlines and responsibilities of the management. Milestones are used to facilitate real management as this marks the major events that are going to take place in the organization. Milestone planning help in avoiding expensive anticipating errors and provides logical milestones for evaluating and learning. It helps in replanning the entire structure on the basis of updated information.
Capital expenditure budget
Capital Expenditure Budget |
||||||||||||||||
2021 (Amounts in $) |
||||||||||||||||
Expenditure list |
January |
February |
March |
April |
May |
June |
July |
August |
September |
October |
November |
December |
Total |
2022 |
||
IT and Technology |
5000 |
5100 |
5202 |
5306 |
5412 |
5520 |
5631 |
5743 |
5858 |
5975 |
6095 |
6217 |
67060 |
75000 |
||
Showroom maintenance |
10000 |
10200 |
10404 |
10612 |
10824 |
11041 |
11262 |
11487 |
11717 |
11951 |
12190 |
12434 |
134121 |
140000 |
||
Expansionary |
12700 |
12954 |
13213 |
13477 |
13747 |
14022 |
14302 |
14588 |
14880 |
15178 |
15481 |
15791 |
170334 |
300000 |
||
Goodwill |
8000 |
8160 |
8323 |
8490 |
8659 |
8833 |
9009 |
9189 |
9373 |
9561 |
9752 |
9947 |
107297 |
110000 |
||
Intangible assets |
4000 |
4080 |
4162 |
4245 |
4330 |
4416 |
4505 |
4595 |
4687 |
4780 |
4876 |
4973 |
53648 |
50000 |
||
Property, plant and equipment |
11000 |
11220 |
11444 |
11673 |
11907 |
12145 |
12388 |
12636 |
12888 |
13146 |
13409 |
13677 |
147533 |
300000 |
||
Deferred tax assets |
2000 |
2040 |
2081 |
2122 |
2165 |
2208 |
2252 |
2297 |
2343 |
2390 |
2438 |
2487 |
26824 |
25000 |
||
Trade and other receivables |
4000 |
4080 |
4162 |
4245 |
4330 |
4416 |
4505 |
4595 |
4687 |
4780 |
4876 |
4973 |
53648 |
40000 |
||
Total |
56700 |
57834 |
58991 |
60170 |
61374 |
62601 |
63853 |
65130 |
66433 |
67762 |
69117 |
70499 |
760465 |
1040000 |
Budgeted profit and loss statement
Budgeted profit and loss |
|
Particulars |
Amount |
Revenue |
500000 |
Less: Cost of sales |
432000 |
Gross profit |
68000 |
Operating expenses: |
|
Exceptional administrative expenses |
5000 |
Impairment of intangible assets |
1000 |
Administrative expenses |
25000 |
Depreciation and amortization |
7000 |
Total operating expenses |
38000 |
Operating profit/loss |
30000 |
Finance costs |
20000 |
Finance income |
1000 |
Net finance cost |
-19000 |
Profit/(loss) before taxation |
11000 |
Taxation |
3300 |
Profit/(loss) for financial period |
7700 |
Budgeted cash flows
Budgeted cash flows |
|
Particulars |
Amount ($) |
Cash flows from operating activities |
|
Net profit |
7700 |
Adjustments for: |
|
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment |
4000 |
Amortization on intangible assets |
3000 |
Impairment of intangible assets |
1000 |
Finance income |
-1000 |
Finance costs |
20000 |
Taxation |
-3300 |
Cash generated from operations |
31400 |
Cash flows from investing activities |
|
Purchase of property, plant and equipment |
-32000 |
Purchase of intangible assets |
-4000 |
Net cash outflow from investing activities |
-36000 |
Cash flows from financing activities |
|
Net proceeds from listed bond issue |
20000 |
Issue of shares |
179478 |
Transaction costs |
-700 |
Net cash outflow from financing activities |
198778 |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
194178 |
Budgeted balance sheet
Budgeted balance sheet |
|
ASSETS |
Amount ($) |
Non-current assets |
|
Goodwill |
107297 |
Intangible assets |
53648 |
Property, plant and equipment |
147533 |
Deferred tax assets |
8000 |
Trade and other receivables |
4000 |
320478 |
|
Current assets |
|
Inventories |
40000 |
Trade and other receivables |
15000 |
Cash and cash equivalents |
45000 |
100000 |
|
Total assets |
420478 |
LIABILITIES |
|
Current liabilities |
|
Trade and other payables |
130000 |
Current tax liabilities |
2000 |
Derivative financial instruments |
25000 |
Short term loan |
4000 |
161000 |
|
Non-current liabilities |
|
Trade and other payables |
30000 |
Borrowings |
20000 |
50000 |
|
Total liabilities |
211000 |
Net assets |
209478 |
Equity |
|
Share capital |
209478 |
Total equity |
209478 |
Projected returns
Projected returns |
Formulas |
Ratio |
Return on sales |
Operating profit/Net sales |
0.06 |
Return on total assets |
EBIT/Total assets |
0.02616 |
Return on shareholders' funds |
Net income/shareholders' equity |
0.03676 |
Risk profile |
|||
Break even analysis |
Fixed cost/(Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit) |
50 |
|
Gearing ratio |
Total debts/total equity |
0.09547 |
|
Working capital ratio |
Current assets/current liabilities |
0.62111 |
Risk versus return assessment
While undertaking any investment, both risk and return are involved. Various types of risks involve industry-specific risk, market risk, competitive risk, etc. Returns are expressed as income received from trading (Baron et al., 2019). Invested amount of money can bring a high amount of profits only when the investor is ready to accept high chances of losses, according to risk-return trade-off. The company as an investor must take into consideration the risk-return trade-off on every type of investment an across wide base of the portfolio while investing-related decisions.
When the company raises funds by issuing equity, then it must undertake suitable measures to generate a return for the shareholders (Stowell, 2017). Here, the return on equity is 0.03676 which indicates the ratio of net income meant for the shareholders. Return on sales ratio is calculated as 0.06 which shows the proportion of operating profit on net sales made by the firm. Return on total assets indicates the income generated from operations in relation to total assets.
Gearing ratio is 0.09547 which indicates the proportion of debt and equity used by the company. This ratio is quite small as the company has raised a major part of funds by issuing equity and fewer funds by acquiring borrowings.
The current ratio or working capital ratio is quite less which indicates the company’s current assets are not sufficient to pay off its short-term debt obligations.
Baron, M., Brogaard, J., Hagströmer, B., & Kirilenko, A. (2019). Risk and return in high-frequency trading. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 54(3), 993-1024.
Stowell, D. P. (2017). Investment banks, hedge funds, and private equity. Academic Press.
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