Issue |
Ethical Principle |
Ethical approach |
Abortion |
· Autonomy · Beneficence |
· I will discuss the whole scenario with the patient and family to maintain the autonomy · The abortion will be conducted to decrease the physical and psychological harm to the mother. |
Tissue transplantation |
· Non-maleficence · Justice |
· I will improve my clinical practice to reduce the harm that occurs due to dysfunction of the organ. · I will provide all the right care services that will help to reduce the chances of tissue rejection. |
Reproductive technology |
· Autonomy · Non-maleficence |
· I will discuss the entire process with the consent of the patient and family to improve autonomy. · I will try to reduce the maximum harm to the patient during the treatment. |
Organ donation |
· Autonomy · Maleficence |
· I will try to take consent from the patient and the family before the donation. · I will try to reduce harm during the organ donation process. |
Restraint |
· Non-Maleficence · Justice |
· I will try to decrease the harm that can occur due to the restraint process. · I will try to provide all the necessary resources to maintain justice during the restraint. |
Stem cell research |
· Autonomy · Non-maleficence |
· I will try to explain the full procedure to the client to get consent to improve autonomy. · I will try to reduce the harm that can occur during the process to decrease the complication of the patient. |
Cultural and religious matter |
· Justice · Autonomy |
· I will try to maintain equity in the care to improve the equal distribution of resources. · I will try to include the patient perspective in the process to improve cultural competency. |
Concern |
Ethical issue |
Euthanasia and assisted suicide |
The ethical issue that rise due to the euthanasia is a violation of human rights as nobody as the right to end the life of the other individual. The violation of the human right is related to the euthanasia due to the unnatural death given to the person with the serious illness. |
Artificially Prolonging life |
The ethical issue associated with the artificially prolonging life is the maleficence as prolong the life of the patient can increase the suffering of the patient. |
Conscientious objection |
The ethical issue with the conscientious objection is a breach of the autonomy that can provide the right to the individual to prefer the act as per their choices. |
18.
Term |
Definition |
Implication |
Direct discrimination |
It is the process when the individual is not treated equally due to the protected characteristics like age, gender, religion or sex. |
The direct discrimination in the nursing practises leading to the unethical care practice which can negatively impact the patient to staff health status in the care. |
Indirect discrimination |
It occurs when there are the rules or any policy decrease chances to avail the advantage associated with it to a particular disadvantage group. |
The wrong policy or guideline in the nursing practise can increase complication for the whole staff due to irrational behaviour for a particular group of individual in the care. |
21.
Act/legislation |
Definition |
Carers recognition legislation (NSW) |
It states that carer’s recognition act is to enact a carers charter to identify the responsibility and contribution related to the carers in the community setting. This act improves the recognition and support toward the carers to improve their presence in society |
Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cwlth) |
The act frames the general principle that is related to the responsibilities related to the criminal covering the Commonwealth laws. The general aspects that are covered include offence, irrelevant behaviour and negative action. |
Disability discrimination act 1992 (Cwlth) |
It states that it is not right and unlawful to discriminate any individual because of the disability and decrease chances of equality in employment, education, different services, housing or place. |
Children and young people legislation enacted in each State/Territory |
Different activities are enforced to improve the protection of children and young people. These acts help the society to uplift the right of the children and young people for equal opportunity of different services and survival. |
Working with children legislation as enforced in each State/Territory |
This allows the different support worker to collaborate with the legislation framing team so that children need from the society can be addressed by new enforced act or law to improve the state in the society. |
Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act enacted in the State/Territory |
It set the guideline for the health care professionals practice and it is passed by each state and territory that includes rule reading the registration process of the health care professionals. |
National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards |
These standard state different aspects that are important to address the different section of the health care services and all the standards in collaboration aim to improve the quality and safety of the health care services. |
Health Legislation |
It helps in the protection of health at the community level by improving the services that aim to enhance the health status of the community. The health legislation helps the government to frame the different laws that are enforced to uplift the health of the population by reducing the health-related issue. |
Mental Health Legislation |
The Mental Health Legislation helps to frame the law and act in the favour of the population dealing with any mental illness. The major aim of the mental health legislation to improve the care and treatment process of the patient-facing any mental issue. |
Privacy Act of 1998 |
This act state that all the information related to any individual should remain confidential and privacy of the document should be maintained to decrease any chances of future complication |
Health Record Act 2012 (Cwlth) |
The act states that health care professionals are expected to participate in the My Health Record process to improve the care pattern. The Act improves the care process by adding the My Health Record for the patient. |
Aged Care Act 1997 |
The activities aim to improve the funding, regulation and services provided to the aged care to improve the quality of care delivered to the senior citizens. The Act aims to improve the facilities in the aged care which will improve the health care experience of the resident of aged care. |
22.
a) Ethics
b) Nursing ethics
c) Bioethics
Australian Commission in Safety and Quality in Health care. 2020. National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards. Available at: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/standards/nsqhs-standards
Australian Government Department of Health. 2020. Advance care directive. Available at: https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/palliative-care/planning-your-palliative-care/advance-care-directive
Bishu, S. G. and Headley, A. M. 2020. Equal employment opportunity: Women bureaucrats in male-dominated professions. Public Administration Review, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13178
Filipe, H. P., Silva, E. D., Stulting, A. A. and Golnik, K. C. 2014. Continuing professional development: Best practices. Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 134–141. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.129760
Goudkamp, J. and Plunkett, J. 2017. Vicarious liability in Australia: On the move? Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 162–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729342.2017.1321817
Kadam R. A. 2017. Informed consent process: A step further towards making it meaningful!. Perspectives in Clinical Research, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 107–112. https://doi.org/10.4103/picr.PICR_147_16
Macaden, S., Salins, N., Muckaden, M., Kulkarni, P., Joad, A., Nirabhawane, V. and Simha, S. 2014. End of life care policy for the dying: consensus position statement of Indian association of palliative care. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, vol. 20, pp. 171-81. https://doi.org/ 10.4103/0973-1075.138384.
NSW Government. 2020. Restrictive practice. Available at: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/mentalhealth/psychosocial/principles/Pages/restrictive.aspx#:~:text=At%20a%20glance&text=Under%20the%20NDIS%20Rules%2C%20certain,the%20use%20of%20restrictive%20practices.
Nursing and Midwifery board. 2017. Professional indemnity insurance (PII) arrangements. Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/codes-guidelines-statements/faq/fact-sheet-pii.aspx
Nursing and Midwifery Board. 2017. Professional Standard. Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx
Western Australia Department of Health. 2020. Open Disclosure. Available at: https://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/Articles/U_Z/WA-Open-Disclosure-Policy#:~:text=Open%20disclosure%20is%20the%20%E2%80%9Copen,%2C%20their%20family%20and%20carers.%E2%80%9D&text=ensure%20that%20communication%20with%2C%20and,a%20supportive%20and%20timely%20manner.
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