• Subject Name : Medical Sciences

Application of Health Technologies and Strategies for Nursing Practice and Diverse Health Context

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development highlights an emphasis on the spread of communication and information technology and the interconnectedness at the global level. The digital transformation of healthcare is disruptive, however, technologies that are used such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence, platform, and tools enable data exchange. Although there is considerable progress in some countries, still a large number of countries require capabilities and resources. The global strategy on digital health will help to enhance and complement the work which is already existing, it also newly created a digital health network. The vision of the global strategy is aimed to improve the health of everyone, everywhere as it accelerates the development and adoption of accessible, appropriate, and sustainable person-centric health solutions. The major purpose of this strategy is to strengthen the health system with the application of digital health technology for consumers and health professionals (Xue et al., 2022). The strategy which is designed is fit for purpose and there is limited access to digital technologies. There are four guiding principles and these are: it is important to acknowledge that each country has its digital action plan which is built on strategy. The second principle is to recognize the successful digital health initiative which requires an integrated strategy. To realize potential, the digital health initiative should be a part of wide health needs, and a robust strategy should be integrated. The third principle is to promote the adequate use of digital technology for health. This principle also promotes the protection of people, health care professionals, population, misuse of information, and along with it inadequate use of data (Al Knawy et al., 2022). The 'digital determinants of health' such as literacy, information and communication technology along with access to equipment are highly prevalent. The adequate use of digital health takes care of several principles which are: health promotion and disease prevention, interoperability, ethics, patient safety, data security, and cost-effectiveness. The fourth principle is to recognize the urgent need to address the major impediments which are faced by the least-developed countries that implement digital health technologies. There is a need to invest in the effort to overcome the major problem that developing countries face (World Health Organization, 2023).

The National Digital Health Strategy which is formed is formed after a detailed consultation with the consumer, patient, carer, and innovator. It is based on evidence of economic and clinical benefits that should be identified from sources both overseas and in Australia. Different principles of the Framework for Action are mentioned below (Government of Australia, 2023). The Framework for the action supports the vision and the benefits which commit and outline the seven priorities of the strategy. The activity role and choice of participants are drawn from the Agency which is heard at the time of national strategy consultation. The third principle which is followed is aligned with strategic national health reform priorities in the investment of the territories and state. The activities in the framework leverage national investment and this will include standards and specifications. The framework will be developed over the life of the strategy in consultation with stakeholders to reflect the process of investment and digital health innovation (Holly et al., 2022).

Several nursing standards are outlined in regard to it, all these nursing standards are important, and following these will help in increasing patient satisfaction and well-being. The nursing standard which has been followed here is standard 4, according to this standard comprehensive assessment of the patient should be done. When the patient arrived there was no information about the patient present, due to this the treatment was delayed and effective steps cannot be taken. The standard states that the work should be done in partnership; this will help to determine the factors which affect or might potentially affect the well-being and health of the patient (Brunt & Russell, 2022). Other than this, it is also important that all the resources need to be assessed and this plays an important role in the planning process. Hence, it can be stated that this standard was not followed as it should be and hence, it affected the patient's well-being. Other than this, standard 6 states that the patient should be provided safe, effective, and appropriate care, along with it, the care should be responsive. This standard was breached because a comprehensive assessment was not carried out. Another important thing to be noted down is that at the time of arrival of a patient, the patient information should be present, however, here it has not been followed (Government of Australia, 2023).

 The ICN Codes of Ethics and how it is not followed. Code 1 states that the nurses should ensure that the confidentiality and privacy of the patients should be maintained, this is the ethical standard which needs to be followed.. This is important as it will help to maintain the integrity of the nursing profession. Any information related to the patient should be stored correctly and its access should not be provided to everyone. It has been mentioned that the patient is worried about where the information needs to be stored. Concern was also present regarding if the information is stored in the correct app or is it inappropriate. The plan should be such that the information of the patient is stored in a highly confidential manner. It should also be ensured that the nurses are using the technology and scientific advances based on the safety, rights, and dignity of the people. Nurses should ensure while providing care, that the care provided is person-centric and all the services are aimed to improve the health and well-being of the person (International Council of Nurses, 2023).

Different Informatics Tools Currently Used in Order to Improve Health Outcomes

Several digital health technologies are present and many of them would be highly useful in Helen's case. Digital health technology plays a vital role in the digital health transformation, it is incorporated into hardware and software services. There are several software which is present and these all assist in maintaining health. Examples of some apps are mobile health (mHealth) apps, electronic medical records (EMRs), telemedicine, and telehealth. All of these apps are highly useful and in many ways can be used with Helen, providing her with better care (Mesko, 2018).

MHealth app is a mostly wearable app or mobile technology, these are essential as they will provide access to monitoring and care support. This technology is highly useful in maintaining long-term and chronic conditions. In the case, study Helen was diagnosed with diabetes and this app would have helped her if she had that. The presence of mHealth can potentially improve the self-management of diabetes and it also helps to control the risk factors as it potentially improves the self-management of diabetes and risk factors associated with it. It also provides the patient with certain tools, and these tools help to track nutrition, exercise level, glucose level, and other than this several relevant information (Awad et al., 2021).

Another technology is EMR, which is a digital version of all the information that one usually finds in a paper chart of the patient. Some of this information are diagnoses, medical history, allergies, immunization dates, doctor's notes, and lab results. It is a preferred option by clinicians because: it helps in tracking data over some time, allows the easy identification of the patient, and saves time from preventive screening or checkups. In addition to it, it also helps the patient to check on several parameters which are: blood pressure, vaccination, and many more. It is also highly useful to monitor and improve the overall quality of care within the practice. In the case study it has been mentioned that the patient's information upon arrival was not present, this affected the patient's health as it delayed the whole treatment (Tilahun et al., 2021). If this app would have been used then the patient would have received the treatment immediately. The use of EMR in this case study by the patient will improve efficiency, it will also lower the cost of health care. Along with it, it will also promote preventive medicine and will work towards improving the coordination of health care services. It will also help to prevent the production of any waste and the information about the patient can be taken from multiple sources (Giansanti, 2022).

Another highly effective technique that is used in diabetes and can help Helen is continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), it is a way that is adopted by people so they can monitor their glucose levels. CGM is used to measure the glucose level in the body, the cells are studied every few minutes throughout the night and day. This technology uses a tiny sensor which is used to test fluid present between the body cells. CGS can be used to provide various kinds of reports and these are about glucose levels, it also provides notification about if the person has administered the medication or not. The trend of glucose needs to be studied (Meskó et al., 2017).

Opportunities and Challenges Digital Technology Creates for Health Professionals, and Patients 

The patient with diabetes should be aware of their condition and steps should be followed to increase awareness. In the case study, although the patient is aware of the condition, due to the lack of presence of technology they are unable to take better care. In the case study, it has been mentioned that the patient wants to store all the information on the My Health App because the patient is afraid that all the information might get out and privacy cannot be maintained. The concern of the patient related to confidentiality and privacy should be managed. The patient should be well accustomed to how to use the health apps, this will help to maintain easy functioning and it can be used easily (Williams et al., 2022).

While depending on technology for health, the patient should have a fair idea about the condition and preventive steps which can be adopted. Nurses will play an important role in teaching the patient with diabetes, there are several management steps related to it and it should be understood. The patient should follow a healthy lifestyle, this implies that healthy eating habits should be developed such as the inclusion of more green vegetables and fruits. Along with healthy eating habits, an active lifestyle should be followed. Physical activity is highly essential; it will ensure health is maintained and cardiovascular strength is also maintained. Other than this, it is also essential that insulin should be administered regularly according to the need (Davies et al., 2018).

Administration of insulin will help to maintain the sugar level. When the person is diabetic, he not only suffers from physical problems but also is emotionally affected. Hence, it is essential to provide emotional stability to the patient. 

In several cases the patient might feel stress, hence, it becomes important to manage the stress. Several ways to manage stress are: yoga or medication should be tried, and sometimes a walk is recommended. In many cases, plans or calls should be made with family or friends who have a mutual level of understanding. Regular check-ups with the doctor are important, this will help to detect abnormality at a much early stage. Whenever a new event or health problem affects a person it is necessary to have an idea about how to take care of oneself. When any other big life event, like changing your job or home occurs, then it is essential to manage it as it has a direct impact on diabetes care (Adu et al., 2019).

References

Adu, M.D., Malabu, U.H., Malau-Aduli, A. E.O., & Malau-Aduli, B.S. (2019). Enablers and barriers to effective diabetes self-management: A multi-national investigation. PloS One14(6), e0217771. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217771

Al Knawy, B., McKillop, M. M., Abduljawad, J., Tarkoma, S., Adil, M., Schaper, L., & Rhee, K. (2022). Successfully implementing digital health to ensure future global health security during pandemics: A consensus statement. JAMA Network Open5(2), e220214-e220214.

Awad, A., Trenfield, S.J., Pollard, T.D., Ong, J.J., Elbadawi, M., McCoubrey, L.E., Goyanes, A., Gaisford, S., & Basit, A.W. (2021). Connected healthcare: Improving patient care using digital health technologies. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews178, 113958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.113958

Brunt, B.A., & Russell, J. (2022). Nursing professional development standards. StatPearls. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534784/

Davies, M.J., D'Alessio, D.A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W.N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., Rossing, P., Tsapas, A., Wexler, D.J., & Buse, J.B. (2018). Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care41(12), 2669–2701. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci18-0033

Giansanti D. (2022). The digital health: From the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic onwards. Life (Basel, Switzerland)12(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12010078

Government of Australia. (2023). Registered nurse standards for practice. Availability from file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/Nursing-and-Midwifery-Board---Standard---Registered-nurse-standards-for-practice---1-June-2016.PDF

Government of Australia. (2023).National Digital Health Strategy and Framework for Action. Availability from https://www.digitalhealth.gov.au/about-us/strategies-and-plans/national-digital-health-strategy-and-framework-for-action#:~:text=The%20National%20Digital%20Health%20Strategy%20was%20formed%20after%20detailed%20consultations,both%20in%20Australia%20and%20overseas.

Holly, L., Smith, R.D., Ndili, N., Franz, C., & Stevens, E. A.G. (2022). A review of digital health strategies in 10 countries with young populations: Do they serve the health and wellbeing of children and youth in a digital age?. Frontiers in Digital Health4, 817810. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.817810

International Council of Nurses.(2023). The ICN code of ethics for nurses. Availability from

https://www.icn.ch/system/files/2021-10/ICN_Code-of-Ethics_EN_Web_0.pdf

Mesko B. (2018). Health IT and digital health: The future of health technology is diverse. Journal of Clinical and Translational Research3(3), 431–434.

Meskó, B., Drobni, Z., Bényei, É., Gergely, B., & Győrffy, Z. (2017). Digital health is a cultural transformation of traditional healthcare. mHealth3, 38. https://doi.org/10.21037/mhealth.2017.08.07

Tilahun, B., Gashu, K.D., Mekonnen, Z.A., Endehabtu, B.F., & Angaw, D.A. (2021). Mapping the role of digital health technologies in prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic: review of the literature. Yearbook of Medical Informatics30(1), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726505

Williams, D.M., Jones, H., & Stephens, J.W. (2022). Personalized type 2 diabetes management: An update on recent advances and recommendations. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy15, 281–295. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S331654

World Health Organization. (2023). Global strategy on digital health 2020-2025. Availability from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/344249

Xue, P., Bai, A.Y., Jiang, Y., & Qiao, Y. L. (2022). Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]56(2), 218–221. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210616-00589

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