• Subject Name : Arts and Humanities

Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The application of a literature review is one of the most important chapters of particular research which provides a huge amount of support to gather relevant findings about the research topic. The researcher has collected several types of literature from a large number of databases to identify the overall impact of the concept attainment model on the students to identify various types of learning processes to understand the English language. In this chapter, the proper description of the concept attainment model is going to be evaluated in this overall chapter. This chapter also includes an overall analysis of the importance of English among students. Different types of challenges faced by the students along with the different benefits of this model are going to be evaluated in this study.

2.2 critical Evaluation of the Description of the Concept Attainment Model

The application of the concept attainment model is very much well-known as a teaching strategy that helps students to build and develop overall critical thinking skills by offering a better presentation of various concepts. As opined by Arens et al. (2019), this model helps the student to understand the importance of helping them to identify the proper type of common characteristics for defining each concept. A large number of teachers are using these models for understanding the overall characteristics of the organisation. This model has used inductive reasoning. The last number of students are developing a proper set of examples that belong to specific concepts. After providing a clear description of the importance of these skills, students are asked to differentiate and contrast these examples by identifying various types of factors and attributes that are unique to the concept. These functionalities can offer the students a better idea to evaluate the overall functionality of the students.

A proper process of concept attainment can provide better support in managing the overall process by defining various types of examples followed by the questions and proper support. As depicted by Skardjo and Salam (2020), it can be helpful for the students to identify the various characteristics of different types of concepts which help them to develop better critical thinking. Through the application of this attainment model, teachers are providing their various ideas and concepts with various examples. This type of operation can offer positive or negative consequences for helping the students to develop a better understanding of their overall concept.

The major goal of this research model is to assist the student to develop their different types of critical thinking and develop a proper understanding of different concepts about a particular subject rather than simply memorising the overall factors in a particular environment. This concept attainment model is not only beneficial for understanding critical thinking, but it is also effective for identifying proper understanding of different types of subjects. As depicted by Habib (2019), most of the teachers especially in the school time used this concept attainment model for providing a good amount of support to the students to evaluate all their factors in managing their activities. A large number of schools are already getting a good amount of support by using these concept attainment models. These types of models offer a huge amount of opportunities for students to get better results in a particular area of education.

2.3 Critical Analysis of Learning English Among the Students

Learning proper English it's one of the most essential parts of education for a large number of students all over the world. Due to one of the key skills and global language in today's interconnected world, learning properly As depicted by De Wilde et al. (2020), English can be one of the major challenges for the majority of students to generate a better education for having good opportunities. English is one of the easiest languages in the world. However, in some countries, due to the different national languages, it is very much difficult for teachers to educate children in the English language.

Evaluating the major strength of learning English, it provides students a huge amount of accessibility to various areas of resources including research and media from around all over the world. It can be sufficient for increasing the overall perspective and improving the proper communication skill for making them competitive in the global job market. Having a clear idea about the overall activities, As analysed by Ahmad (2016), English is one of the most effective subjects to help to increase the knowledge and overall skill set of students. Getting an idea about the English language can help particular students to increase their overall knowledge in the overdo environment which provides a huge amount of support to them.

However, there are some major challenges faced by the students at the time of learning English. One of the most significant challenges faced by the organisation is the overall complexity of language which can make it difficult for the students to evaluate and understand. Along with that, the improper or weak foundation in English can also create a huge amount of resources for students who are coming from a different linguistic background in the oral environment. Another challenge that is faced by the students is the lack of trends and qualified teachers who can practise English for the students. As illustrated by Oktaviani and Fauzan (2017), this type of factor can create a lack of consistency in the teaching methods and support for the students who may be struggling with their proper language. Proper accessibility to resources is also important for students to learn English. Having access to various types of English learning tools and resources, the students can experience some importance of learning a language in various ways such as online learning performance and language labs. Lack of resources creates a huge amount of difficulties for the students to improve and practise their language skills in a better way. Therefore it is very much essential for students to learn English in today's globalised world which can provide them with a huge amount of opportunities to get jobs in the future and communicate with the different cultures of different countries.

2.3 Critical Identification of different Types of Challenges Faced by the Students in Learning English

English learning can be a major challenging factor for many students. A large number of factors are creating a huge amount of issues for the students in learning English in their school. Different challenges among students may face different types of linguistic challenges in learning English officially as it is not their native language. As depicted by Rinekso and Muslim (2020), the complexity of the differences and language for the students to communicate and understand effectively in their overall operations. Students also face a lack of confidence when speaking different types of English due to their fear of making mistakes or being judged by others which affected them a huge amount of support. Lack of participation in different types of meetings and class reluctance affected the overall practice of listening skills and speaking skills. Along with that, students also do not have the proper access to an English-speaking environment which affects them to gather with everyday exposure to this language which makes it harder for them to develop a better idea about the overall language skills in daily performance.

Many students in the school are facing a huge amount of challenges due to improper factors. The improper training in English language teaching creates a huge amount of issues for the students to get proper amounts of learning. As analysed by Krishnan et al. (2020), a lack of training qualifications and resources created a huge amount of issues that affected the teachers to teach the proper English language effectively. This type of factor creates inconsistency in the teaching methods which provide a lack of support for the students. On the other hand, cultural differences can also create a huge amount of challenge for the students in getting a better idea of learning English. The different cultures having a variety of labels of dependency on language learning can affect the attitude and motivation of students towards their overall learning of English. Motivation is also known as one of the most important factors which can influence the student to gather a clear idea about the overall operation of the students. However, as opined by Al (2019), due to the lack of motivation among the students created a huge amount of challenge for the student to learn their English. providing proper resources of support and motivation can provide a huge amount of opportunities for the student for managing the overall activities of learning English. 

2.4 Critical Evaluation of different Types of Benefits of the Concept Attainment Model Among the Students

The concept attainment model is very well known among the teachers of different schools all over the world which helps the students to develop critical thinking skills by presenting them with proper examples of different concepts. As analysed by Oruç. and Demirci (2020), it can be all the more effective for helping them to identify different types of characteristics which define each of the concepts adequately. Some critical evaluations of different types of benefits of the concept attainment models in providing the proper education of English are described below.

The application of the concept attainment model required a large comparison and contrasting of students to differentiate with various examples for identifying some common characteristics that increase the overall critical thinking by providing the ability to analyse the information. It can be also effective for learning English videos as it requires the students to define a proper connection between the vocabulary and grammar rules. As depicted by Li (2021), this model also encourages the overall active learning process by students to engage in the overall learning process. It can be all effective to develop interactive and engaging factors among the students. This type of factor can be all useful in gathering the proper learning of English which may be more motivating for practising their overall language skills at the time of checking the overall progress in identifying the common characteristics of the language.

Learning English is one of the most important factors where the students are motivated to practise their language skills to check the proper progress in identifying the common characteristics of the language. However, as opined by Jamrus and Razail (2019), this model can also encourage the students to develop an understanding of various kinds of concepts which can increase the overall retention rate. This can be also helpful for increasing the overall learning process as it requires a large number of students to retain a good amount of information related to the vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar rules. Proper development of transferable skills developed through the application of this concept attainment model such as patent recognition physical thinking analysis can be effective for these areas of life and study. It can be very effective to understand the usefulness of the contest of learning English to develop proper skills applicable to different contexts. Various types of concept attainment models can provide a huge amount of support which assist the school teachers to get proper support in the educational factors. Proper application of the concept attainment model can provide a better amount of support in managing all their domains. This type of model is very much helpful for managing various activities of the school to generate a better amount of educational qualifications. Proper application of various types of activities can assist the teacher to get proper support in managing their education to get better results.

2.5 Literature Gap

The application of concept attainment model is one of the crucial models which offer the students to get better results in managing their performances. In most of the literature, small details about the application of the concept attainment model has been found which affected the researcher to get better results and education. Similarly, very less information about the application model on English education is also very less which affects the overall operation of the students. This type of the model can be efficient for managing the overall work in defining various activities.

2.6 Conclusion

The application of the concept attainment model is one of the crucial factors which offer better support in managing various activities of the students. Due to the different types of issues, such as complexity of the differences and language for the students to communicate and understand effectively in their overall operations. Similarly, improper training and skill set created a huge amount of issues which affected the overall productivity of the environment. This model has used inductive reasoning. The last number of students are developing a proper set of examples that belong to specific concepts. The application of the concept attainment model required a large comparison and contrasting of students to differentiate with various examples. This model can also encourage the students to develop an understanding of various kinds of concepts which can increase the overall retention rate.

Chapter 3: Research Methodology

3.1 Introduction

The application of the research methodology is one of the major chapters which provide a huge amount of support that offer the researcher a better way to get the proper finding about the topic. As illustrated by Newman. and Gough (2020), following the proper process can provide a huge amount of support in managing various activities to get the findings of the research. In a particular research, understanding the research methods can offer the researcher a better way to identify the overall findings. In a particular research, various methods including philosophy, approach, design and other factors of the research are going to be evaluated. Similarly, this research also includes different types of methods such as strategy, data collections and data analysis to identify the findings of the impact of concept attainment model on the English education. It can be helpful for managing the overall findings to understand the impacts.

3.2 Saunders Onion

Proper identification of the Saunders onion can offer a better amount of support that describes various decisions at the time of developing the research methodology. As depicted by Mardiana (2020), proper management of the Saunders research onion can be effective for understanding various projects in developing the overall activities. In a particular research onion, different types of methods such as philosophy, strategy, approach, horizon, choices and others are being evaluated to understand the major findings of the research. Identification of every layer can offer the researcher better support in developing the research work. Following the overall process of identifying the major findings can be effective in identifying various data about the concept attainment model.

3.3 Philosophy

Proper identification of the research philosophy can offer the researcher better findings to positively find various data in the research. As per the Saunders research onion, the first layer of the research is the philosophy. The application of the research philosophy can be helpful to describe the various sets of various beliefs which help the research to be developed. As opined by Joshi et al. (2023), it can be effective to describe the epistemological and ontological perspective of the customers. As per the different types of research philosophies, 3 types of philosophies are there. Analysing the various types of research philosophies, the first philosophy is the positivism philosophy which offers the researcher a better idea in managing their activities. This type of philosophy assists the researcher to take the view of their various types of knowledge which exists outside of the major studies. This type of research philosophy will not include any kind of the personal opinions of the researcher. This type of philosophy only includes the overall view of various types of factual knowledge that has been gathered through observation which involves a better trustworthiness. In the positivism studies, the major role of the researcher is limited to interpretation and data collection. Proper management of the positivism is majorly dependent upon various types of observations which assist to lead a better statistical analysis. It is majorly known as a dominant form of research in management and business disciplines for various decades. As illustrated by Nguyen et al. (2021), positivism depends as per the accordance with various types of empiricist view where knowledge stems from various types of human experience, This type of factors can be effective to identify the ontological, atomistic and view of the world to compromise observable, discrete and comprising discreet that interact in an determined, regular manners. Therefore, for understanding the impact of the concept attainment model on English education, the application of positivism philosophy provides a huge amount of benefits in managing the positive domains. This philosophy can provide a huge opportunity to find out the realistic data. Thus, the researcher has used this positivism philosophy to find out the major findings of the data.

3.4 Approach

Proper application of research approach can provide a huge amount of support to the researcher which helps to get major findings. Managing the research process with the help of different types of research approaches can be effective for the researcher to identify different types of factors. There are a total of two types of research approaches available in the market including inductive approach and deductive. The inductive approach is a common form of research approach where no theory has been used to test the overall process. As depicted by OBLOBERDIEVNA and NEMATJONOVNA, (2022), in the overall process of the inductive approach, researchers started collecting different types of data from different types of observations that are relevant to the overall research topic. The researcher also takes a breather from data which start with a set of proper observations moved from particular experience to get a general set of propositions. The researcher also takes the inductive approach of starting with a set of different observations to identify major data gathered from the particular experience. Looking at different types of patterns after gathering a large amount of data can be helpful for the researcher to develop a proper theory. The application of this theory can be effective to identify the real findings of the data. On the other hand, as opined by Corley et al. (2021), the deductive approach is totally based on the different types of hypothesis. Identifying different types of theoretical data from a large amount of databases can provide a huge amount of support for the deductive approach to find out different data. To identify the impact of the concept attainment model on English education, the researcher has planned to use the application of an inductive approach to develop the research process in a better way.

3.5 Research Design

The application of research design is very much effective in managing the overall research process. The application of research design can be effective in managing the blueprint of scientific study. The application of research design is majorly known as a blueprint of scientific study. The proper application of research design can include various types of methodologies for conducting the research which helps to identify various types of problem addressing them for the application of proper process and analysis. As depicted by Doyle et al. (2020), choosing the proper research technique and metrology can help to contain various information about the methods, techniques and essential details of the project. This type of research design assists to provide a proper structure by yielding favourable results. Evaluating all types of factors, validity, neutrality, generalisation and others are the primary factors which provide proper support in the overall research process. Among the major types of research designs, application of descriptive design is very much effective in developing the overall research process. Proper management of descriptive design can be a proper designing technique in systematically obtaining various types of information for understanding the overall situation, phenomenon and population in an effective way. It helps to answer all types of research questions starting from when, what, where and how related questions. As this research is based on the impact of Concept attainments models on English education, defining various ideas about the topic is very much effective. The application of descriptive design is the appropriate research designs which provide a huge amount of support to the researcher to get a clear idea about the overall finding of the research work.

3.6 Research Strategy

The application of research strategy is known as the proper plan which helps to contact the research for getting a good amount of results. The strategy is known as a model plan for the research study and guides the researcher to execute the proper planning and identify the major topic of the research. Development of the research process can be effective for the researcher to define the correct way for gathering a lot of data from different databases. Analysing various types of research strategies, the application of survey research strategy has been used by the researcher to get the proper findings identifying the impact of this model on educating the students about the English. As depicted by Bolinger et al. (2022), this type of strategy is very much effective in defining various processes of collecting the responses. This service can be effective for the researcher to formulate the proper process of managing various types of activities. Proper development of survey strategy can be effective for finding out the quantitative responsiveness of collecting various types of data. Therefore, it can be depicted that the application of this service statistics can provide a better amount of results for the researcher to get proper findings.

3.7 Research Data Collection

Proper application of Data collection process can provide a huge amount of opportunity for the researcher to gather a good amount of findings. researcher has used primary quantitative process of data collection method which help the research to get proper finding. The primary data is very much helpful for the researcher to include different types of realistic data in their research findings. It can be effective for identifying various processes of data collection. As opined by Ruggiano, and Perry (2019), secondary data collection process is very much time consuming and includes a higher budget. Therefore the application of primary quantitative data is very much effective for gathering different types of data in the research. Google form has been used by the researcher with around 10 survey questionnaires that help the researcher to get proper findings of the data. Getting a brief description about the survey questionnaire to understand the uses and application of concept attainment model on the students to gather education in English.

3.8 Data Analysis

Proper identification of the data analysis tools can provide a huge amount of support to identify the various patterns of the research. As analysed by Mishra et al. (2019), proper management of various types of data and identifying the proper finding can help the researcher to identify the major finding of the research. As per the analysis of primary collection method, the application of statistical analysis has been used by the researcher to analyse different types of data from various types of statistical tools. Proper development of various types of tools such as inclusion and exclusion criteria, Prisma search and others help to collect various data from the database. Application of random sampling technique has been used by the researcher to find out the major findings about the impact of concept attainment model on the students to learn English language.

3.9 Ethical Considerations

Proper management of different types of ethics can be effective to manage the ethical constellations in the overall research process. Proper maintenance of ethics is very much effective for the research to complete the research. The research has been maintained in the confidentiality of the participants and data in a secured cloud based system for getting better results. The researcher also maintained the copyright act and plagiarism acts of the country to complete the research project in a better way.

3.10 Conclusion

For identifying the overall impact of the concept attainment model on the English education, the application of positivism philosophy and inductive approach have been chosen by the researcher to find out the measure findings about the research process. For designing the overall research paper, the application of descriptive designing very much answers all types of WH research questions. Evaluating all kinds of factors, primary quantitative data collection has been used to the application of Google form for offering better ideas of the research. The application of statistical data analysis can be effective to find out the overall findings of the data.

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