ArchiHospital Case Study

Stakeholders and Drivers

Here's a rundown of the parts and how they connect:

Stakeholders:

• Administrative Staff in Hospitals: These individuals play a crucial role since they are in charge of monitoring the complete risk management plan. They want to make sure the hospital can keep running and that patients are protected.
• Professionals in the medical field (doctors, nurses) are dedicated to patient safety and play an essential role in all aspects of patient care. They play a crucial role in protecting the health of their patients.

• In the perspective of risk management, patients are perhaps the most important stakeholders. Their health and safety must be a top priority, and they should only be exposed to necessary risks while receiving excellent care.

• The insurance industry has a great interest in risk management since it affects the premiums they collect and the number of claims they pay out. They might work together with the medical facility to establish safeguards.

• Stakeholders having a concern for compliance and safety, such as government authorities and healthcare regulators. They prescribe norms and rules for hospitals' risk management procedures.

Drivers:

• Maintaining a safe environment for patients is the first priority in hospital risk management. There should be a strong emphasis on eliminating preventable medical mistakes, germs, and negative outcomes.
• The threat of legal repercussions and monetary penalties for failing to comply with healthcare laws and legal requirements is a major motivator for ensuring compliance.

• By reducing the likelihood of expensive malpractice claims and other bad financial occurrences, hospitals may better weather the storms without jeopardizing their financial security.
• Management of Reputation: Hospitals must avoid damaging their image by neglecting any potential sources of bad press or community distrust.

Objectives and Evaluations:

Purpose: Lower the Rate of Medical Mistakes:

Evaluate the effectiveness of continuous monitoring and process changes in reducing medical mistakes and adverse events.

Purpose: Maintain Legality:

Compliance with healthcare legislation and standards should be monitored on a regular basis.

Purpose: To raise happy patients:

To evaluate how well risk management procedures are improving the patient experience, one must first measure and collect data on patient satisfaction.

Purpose: To Reduce Financial Dangers:

Assess the effect on the hospital's finances by keeping an eye on risk management-related financial KPIs like the amount spent on malpractice claims.

Purpose: Improve Reputation:

The reputation of the hospital and the effects of risk management may be evaluated by keeping tabs on public opinion, media coverage, and patient feedback.

Business Functions

The primary business processes at play here are as follows:

• Continuously evaluating hospital-wide hazards, such as those posed by Internet of Things sensor deployments, falls under the purview of risk assessment and monitoring. It keeps an eye on potential dangers and ensures that proper precautions are taken.
• Management of Security Risks: Protecting sensitive patient information and Internet of Things gadgets is a top priority. Access controls, data encryption, and other forms of cyber protection are within the purview of this department.
• Effective deployment and management of IoT sensors is necessary to reduce operational hazards. Planning, setting up, maintaining, and calibrating sensors all fall under this category.
• Utilizing information gathered from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, this process aids in assessing risk and making important decisions (Masuda et al, 2021). Data is gathered, analyzed, and insights are drawn in order to reduce danger.
• This duty involves establishing protocols for incident response and creating contingency plans to minimize interruptions in the event of unanticipated occurrences or dangers.
• Concerning the healthcare industry, it is crucial to adhere to all applicable rules and regulations. By doing this task, legal and operational concerns associated with an IoT implementation are mitigated.
• One of the most important aspects of risk management is maintaining open lines of communication with both internal and external stakeholders. This role ensures open lines of communication for resolving issues and disseminating data about potential threats.
• Budgeting and allotting resources like money and people is essential for effective risk management. This process guarantees that enough money is set aside to deal with foreseeable dangers.
• IoT quality assurance and control is an important part of making sure everything works well. This entails a variety of tests for quality control and constant checks on sensor precision.

Business Processes

Here is a rundown of the five most crucial business procedures that affect hospital operating risk management:

Privacy and Data Protection Regulations:

By going through this procedure, the hospital may rest certain that patient information and IoT-generated data are protected as required by applicable laws and regulations (such as HIPAA).

Dependencies: Collaboration with the IT department may be required to install relevant security measures, as well as regular monitoring and auditing of data handling practices.

Sensing Devices with the Internet of Things:

This method involves the ongoing use of Internet of Things sensors to track changes in patient health and safety.

Dependencies: Integration with warning systems, timely data transmission, and the success of the Internet of Things' sensor architecture are all crucial.

Management of Emergencies and Emerging Threats:

Risks may be reduced and interruptions kept to a minimum with the help of the steps outlined in this method for dealing with security events, data breaches, and catastrophic system failures.

Dependencies: It requires organized reaction strategies, open lines of communication, and cooperation among many parties, such as IT and legal departments.

Technology and Vendor Risk Analysis:

This method evaluates the safety and dependability of IoT technology suppliers by analyzing the potential threats they pose.

Dependencies: The success of in-depth evaluations of suppliers and their solutions depends on cooperation between procurement and IT departments.

Education of Personnel:

Human error and security flaws may be avoided through this procedure by educating and training hospital workers on cybersecurity and risk management best practices.

The creation of training materials, the scheduling of training sessions, and the monitoring of employee compliance with security measures are all prerequisites.

Information Architecture

ArchiHospital's primary enterprise objects for managing risks in hospital operations are as follows:

• Adverse occurrences, near misses, and incidents inside a hospital are documented and tracked using incident reports, which are crucial business assets. The event type, location, persons involved, and possible effects on patient safety and business operations are all documented in these reports.

• Risk assessments are important tools for hospitals to utilize in order to analyze and quantify the risks that are inherent to their many different procedures and operations. These evaluations are useful for pinpointing problem areas that need special care.

• Records of Compliance Compliance records are business items that document how well an organization is meeting healthcare regulations, guidelines, and best practices (Salih et al, 2019). They prevent the hospital from breaking the law or ethical standards, making them essential.

• Business objects that provide standard operating procedures and recommendations for responding to various hazards and crises are known as "safety protocols." Patients and employees cannot be kept safe from danger or coordinated responses to incidents without these measures in place.

• Plans for continuing hospital operations in the event of disruptions or disasters are outlined in the hospital's business continuity plan. The strategies for mitigating danger, keeping vital services running, and recovering from disasters are laid forth in these documents.

• Business items pertaining to the collecting and analysis of data on hospital procedures, patient outcomes, and safety issues are included in the quality improvement data. This information is used to inform risk management and improvement efforts.

• Business objects that record the results of internal and external audits of hospital operations are known as "audit reports." These reports are useful because they draw attention to areas of noncompliance, inefficiency, or risk, from which remedial measures may be devised.

• Business objectives with the goal of improving patient safety, patient safety plans detail hospital-wide policies and actions. The goal of these strategies is to lessen the likelihood of adverse events and boost the quality of treatment provided to patients.

These corporate artefacts are crucial to ArchiHospital's risk management of hospital operations. They aid in the detection, evaluation, and prevention of threats to the health of patients, employees, and the facility as a whole.

Application Usage

These programs are made to enhance operational efficacy, maximize resource allocation, and guarantee patient safety.

Data Collection Service for Internet of Things Sensors:

This service is described as being critical to the collection of real-time data from Internet of Things sensors deployed around a healthcare facility.

Facilitating Business Operations: Patient tracking, asset management, and even environmental monitoring are just some of the many hospital procedures that are supported.

The EHR System, or Electronic Health Record

An EHR is an all-inclusive piece of software that allows for the safe and easy management of patient health records in an electronic format.

Facilitating Business Operations: Important uses include triage, diagnosis, inpatient and outpatient treatment, and planning for eventual discharge (Negash et al, 2018). Electronic health records allow for more evidence-based decision making and boost patient security.

Software for Managing Resources:

The purpose of this programme is to make the most use of all a hospital has to offer, from personnel to physical space to medical technology.

Facilitating Business Operations: Triage, patient care, and surgical procedures are just few of the many processes that benefit from its use.

Analytics and Reporting Software for Data:

Insightful conclusions can be drawn from the data acquired by IoT sensors with the help of the technologies described here.

Facilitating Business Operations: Triage, diagnosis, and resource optimization are all areas where data analytics may aid decision-making, leading to better patient care as a whole.

Software for Patient Involvement:

These programs use mobile apps and wearable sensors to keep patients involved and to provide them immediate feedback and reminders.

Facilitating Business Operations: The use of patient engagement applications has been shown to improve the quality of care, increase patient compliance with treatment programs, and facilitate constant monitoring and assessment.

The hospital's risk management approach relies heavily on these application services and software programs. They make sure information is gathered, analyzed, and put to good use to save healthcare costs, improve quality of life for patients, and enhance safety. The hospital's objective is to provide high-quality healthcare services supported by IoT technology, and this can only be done if the necessary apps are seamlessly integrated (Liao & Wang, 2021).

Application Cooperation

Data flows between applications and systems are crucial for effective information interchange and decision-making in the ArchiHospital case study, where IoT sensors are integrated to increase hospital operating risk management. In this answer, highlighted the most important channels of information exchange across the apps developed thus far:

Provider of an Internet of Things (IoT) sensor data collection service for EHR systems:

Flow of Data: Vital signs and location data acquired in real-time by IoT sensors is uploaded to the EHR system.

The goal of this data exchange is to make it easier for doctors to access and use patient health records in making treatment decisions.

Data Analytics and Reporting Tools for Internet of Things Sensor Data Collection:

IoT sensors capture data, which is then sent to data analytics and reporting platforms for further examination.

In order to better assess risks, optimize resources, and make decisions, data analytics tools process and analyze collected sensor data.

Linking EHR and Resource Management Software

The availability of hospital resources (such as rooms, equipment, and personnel) is sent to the EHR system via the resource management software.

The goal of this information exchange is to improve resource management by coordinating available assets with patient demands and clinical timetables.

From Reporting and Data Analytics Software to Patient Engagement Programmes:

Information Flow: Patient engagement software receives analyzed data and insights from data analytics programs.

The data will be used by patient engagement applications to give patients timely responses, timely reminders, and tailored suggestions for their treatment.

Integration of Patient-Centered Health Record Applications:

Information Exchange: The EHR system may receive patient-generated information, such as physical activity and medication adherence, via patient engagement applications.

Purpose: By incorporating patient-generated data into the EHR system, doctors may take into account patients' perspectives in their diagnoses and treatment recommendations.

These data flows depict the sharing and exchange of information among the many healthcare apps and systems. These connections are essential for minimising operational risks, improving patient satisfaction, and delivering prompt, data-driven healthcare services. The hospital is able to better achieve its aim of providing high-quality treatment because to the data integration and cooperation across these apps.

Data Dissemination

For optimal hospital operations, it is critical that the correct information be made available to the right people at the right time. Consider the following components of information sharing as they relate to minimizing dangers in the hospital's daily operations:

Data Sharing for Patients:

Information from EHRs (Electronic Health Records). The Final Users of the Hospital System Will Be Various Healthcare Professionals and Departments

The goal of sharing patient information across doctors, nurses, and experts is to improve clinical decision making and guarantee seamless care delivery.

Information Dissemination from Internet-of-Things Sensors:

Data Collected from Internet-of-Things Sensors Data Analytics and Reporting Tools, Electronic Health Record System are Service Goals. Analytics tools receive data in real time from Internet of Things sensors and use it for analysis and insights. In addition, the EHR system incorporates pertinent patient data from IoT devices for complete patient records.

Spreading Information About Resources:

Software for managing resources

Participants will include members of the hospital's nursing, surgical, and administrative staffs.

Purpose: Each department in the hospital has access to up-to-date information regarding the availability and utilisation of hospital resources including rooms, equipment, and personnel.

Insights from Analyses Dissemination:

Analytics and Reporting Software as the Original Source

Target Audience: Decision-Makers and Hospital Administrators

The goal is to provide analytical insights and reports to hospital leadership for use in making strategic decisions, assessing risks, and enhancing the hospital's performance.

Sharing Information on Patient Participation:

Applications for Patient Engagement

Final Resting Place: With the Patients, Doctors, and Nurses

The goal is to promote patient-centered care and active participation by both healthcare practitioners and patients by sharing information such as patients' activity levels and medication adherence (Petersen et al, 2023).

Alerts in Case of Emergencies:

IoT Data Collection Service, Electronic Health Record System

Mission: Emergency Care and Triage Personnel

The goal is for the triage and emergency care teams to get critical patient data and emergency alerts in real-time so that they can prioritize and begin providing care right away.

References

Masuda, Y., Zimmermann, A., Shepard, D. S., Schmidt, R., & Shirasaka, S. (2021, October). An adaptive enterprise architecture design for a digital healthcare platform: toward digitized society–industry 4.0, society 5.0. In 2021 IEEE 25th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Workshop (EDOCW) (pp. 138-146). IEEE.

Negash, B., Gia, T. N., Anzanpour, A., Azimi, I., Jiang, M., Westerlund, T., ... & Tenhunen, H. (2018). Leveraging fog computing for healthcare IoT. Fog computing in the internet of things: Intelligence at the edge, 145-169.

Liao, M. H., & Wang, C. T. (2021). Using enterprise architecture to integrate lean manufacturing, digitalization, and sustainability: A lean enterprise case study in the chemical industry. Sustainability, 13(9), 4851.

Salih, F. I., Bakar, N. A. A., Hassan, N. H., Yahya, F., Kama, N., & Shah, J. (2019). IOT security risk management model for healthcare industry. Malaysian Journal of Computer Science, 131-144.

Petersen, S. A., Evjen, T. Å., & Krogstie, J. (2023). Adding value through enterprise building information models in health-care services. Journal of Facilities Management.

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